— 238 —
2. In the senses of the associative ablative, the ad-
verbial participle 'áy' (= having been, being) is joined
to the nominative with 'um'.
Ex: In 'nán avanumáy vannu' [= I came with him, (lit. I and
he came)], 'áy' is completed by 'vannu' (= came); árumáyiṭṭu
yuddham [= with whom is there war? (lit. who also being
(included) is there war?)] The adverbial participles 'onni-
chchu' (= joining, including), 'ottu' (= agreeing, accompanying),
'kalarnnu' (= mixing, joining), 'púṇṭu' (= joining) are also used
in this sense.
3. The adverbial participles 'áy' (= having become, or
come into existence), 'áykkoṇṭu' [lit. (it) having come
into existence and being taken], véṇti’ (=being needed)
etc. are used with the dative in the sense of purpose
or sake.
Ex: Guruvináy cheytu (= he did it for the Guru); in this, the
subject of 'ay' is left indefinite.
In the same way the adverbial participle 'vechchu'
(=having put or being situated) may be used with
the locative.
Ex: vazhiyil vechchu kaṇṭu (= he met him in the road).
A word thus used as supplementary to the case-affixes
is called a subsidiary word.
270. What peculiarity is there in the use of the num-
bers?
1. With numerals (definite or indefinite), the singular
is in use instead of the plural.
